PRESENTATION
Research question and literature review
Effects of avoidance of corporate income tax to the provision of public goods and services.
Nancy Haskell () – This should be a title slide. Title your study and include your names. Remove the “Presentation, Research question, and literature review” text.
What the question adds to the existing literature.
Several scholars have done research on how avoidance of corporate tax has increased employee pay as well as the corporation’s profits.
They have not explained how the avoidance of the corporate tax has affected the provision of public goods and services by the federal government.
The Corporate income tax is among major sources of federal revenue.In 2014 it raised roughly $320.7 billion in the fiscal year, which accounted for 10.6 percent of all the countries revenue and 1.9 percent of the U.S. GDP.
Nancy Haskell () – 1. Too much text on this slide. I recommend breaking this up so that the first two bullet points are on this slide and move the 3rd bullet point to another slide so that you can break it inot sub-bullet “Corporate income tax is a major source of federal revenue.” Sub-bullet “In 2014 it accounted for about $320.7 billion” Nex sub-bullet “This is 10.6% of the country’s revenue” Nex sub-bullet “And “1.9% of US GDP” 2. Then, at the end of this next slide (if shorted substantially) or the end of the next slide you can have another bullet point that states your research question. This way your motivation leads into your research question. 3. The fact that corporate income tax is a major source of revenue is good motivation. However, to fully motivate your research question, you need to also give us an idea of how much tax avoidance is occuring so we know how that amount relates to GDP. If possible add this additional statistic as motivation before stating your research question.
Economic framework.
When these corporate income taxes are avoided, the amount of money available to provide public goods and services is lower. The result of this can be an increase in the federal budget deficit, as well as the inability of the government to provide public goods to more margianlized areas.
Again, corporate income tax has contributed to budget shortfall. Corporations are complaining that there has been increased tax rates in the Federal income tax but what has led to this is the failure of many corporations to pay taxes on the amount of profits they make (Lebergott 2015). The government raises the tax in order to have enough revenue for the provision of public goods and services.
Nancy Haskell () – There is too much text on this slide. You do not want to be in a situation where you are reading exactly what is on your slide. The slide should offer talking points that you can then expand on verbally. If possible, I recommend setting up a graph or an equation represent you economic model. This way you can explain the model and generate your predictions.
Potential Data Sources
The target population will be:
Several CEOs in selected corporations.
Private unions that deal with different corporations.
Government parastatals which provide basic goods and services to members of public.
Information collected by the Federal Reserve.
Lastly local consumers of public goods and services in different regions of the country, particularly from margianalized areas.
Nancy Haskell () – You need to be clear about: 1. The unit of observation — Given your research question, your unit of observation is more likely a state or country because that is the unit for which one would measure public good provision. 2. This implies that your key dependent variable is the quantity of public good provision. 3. And, your key independent variable is a measure of corporate tax avoidance. You may have multiple measures for this include some based on the literature such as: CEO pay relative to employee pay, corporate tax rates, characteristics of regions as you mentioned… think about all of the things that you think affect the quantity of public goods provided in an area. And again, you need to decide if this is at the country-level or the state-level.
Importance of the Question
The importance of this research proposal will proper education on the impacts that corporate tax avoidance have on the provision of public goods and services by the federal government, particularly to marginalised areas.
After which, the expected measures will be taken to ensure that the provision of public goods and services will be controlled and fair taxes be imposed on corporations to ensure that they reduce the avoidance of corporate tax relative to current rates, increasing government revenue which can be applied to the provision of these goods and services (Onji and Tang 2015).
Nancy Haskell () – Too much text. As I’ve mentioned on earlier slides, present yourself with talking points that you can then expand on verbally.
The gap between provision of public goods and services in major towns and marginalised regions.
Research has shown that the size of the gap is determined by the size of government revenue generated by the taxes, including corporate tax (Carpenter and Sanders 2002).
But high taxes imposed on corporations has proved to be a net loss to the success of the those corporations in terms of profits. One example being Korean firms.
Nancy Haskell () – This is useful motivation and belongs toward the beginning of the presentation so that we have a way of thinking about the pros/cons of raising corporate tax rates.
Subsequent effect of firm performance on government provision of public goods.
Between 1978 and 2014 after adjusting for inflation, CEO pay increased by about 1,000 percent while employees in the same period saw their pay increase by only 11 percent.
Research shows that there are alos possible other causes of corporate tax evasion other than the high pay of many CEOs, meaning a meaningful reduction in CEO pay may not bring about a decrease in corporate tax avoidance and subsequent increase in government expenditure on public goods. (Pathak et.al 2014).
Nancy Haskell () – This is useful in the literature review, but fairly tangential to your research question as stated in this proposal. Thus, I would not include this or these bullets at all. Rather, you can verbally mention these details when you present the 1st bullet point on the 1st slide because that point basically summarizes all we need to know about this… and you can just add a few of these details verbally.
References
Carpenter, M. A., & Sanders, W. M. (2002). Top management team compensation: The missing link between CEO pay and firm performance? Strategic Management Journal, 23(4), 367-375.
Conyon, M. J., & Murphy, K. J. (2000). The prince and the pauper? CEO pay in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Economic Journal, 110(467), 640-671.
Gabaix, X., & Landier, A. (2006). Why has CEO pay increased so much? (No. w12365).
National Bureau of Economic Research.
Lebergott, S. (2015). The American Economy: Income, Wealth, and Want. Princeton University Press.
Pathak, S., Hoskisson, R. E., & Johnson, R. A. (2014). Settling up in CEO compensation: The impact of divestiture intensity and contextual factors in refocusing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 35(8), 1124-1143.
Onji, K., & Tang, J. P. (2015). A nation without a corporate income tax: Evidence from the nineteenth century Japan. ANU Centre for Economic History Discussion Paper Series, (2015-09).
Stiglitz, J. E., & Rosengard, J. K. (2015). Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton & Company.
Warren, A. G. (2015). Enough is Enough: Business Tax Cuts Fail to Grow the Economy.
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