Conclusion
Covid
Covid-19 has hasa2.3% casualty fatality rate (CFR) [1]. The CFR is based out
of the first 74 314 cases [1]. Covid Covid-19 has an incubation period of 2 2-14 days
and a median medianR0 factor of 5.7 [2, 6]. Fig. 2. shows the rate of infection in
the USA and Fig. 3. shows the percentage of Covid Covid-19 cases that have
recovered in certain areas [4, 5]. Covid Covid-19 is a single stranded RNA virus
with a diameter of 80 80-120 nm [2]. Figures 4 and 5 show the Covid Covid-19 virus under an electron microscope [4].
Fig. 3. Percentage of Covid
Covid-19 cases recovered by country or group G. Davit, M. Ekaterine , and B. Mikheil
There is currently no cure or vaccine for Covid
Covid-19 [2]. Until a cure is found,
the protocol followed is treatment focused on symptomatic support [2]. Ref.
2. theorizes that Covid Covid-19 may be a seasonal virus which will dissipate and
reduce the number of cases as summer approaches [2]. Hospitals and other
health organizations are offering tests to those who wish but recommend self self-isolation if only experiencing mild symptoms [2 2-4]. Research is still being
continued by many countries and private companies in search of a cure [2, 4].
The severity
severityof CovidCovid-19 cases are correlated to age and underlying
conditions [2, 4]. Diabetes, respiratory conditions, and heart disease
significantly increase the risk of manifesting more severe symptoms [4].
Because the R0factorfactoris so high, masks are highly recommended, and
requiredrequiredto enter certain establishments [
Covid
Covid-19 has also affectedaffectedthe educationeducationin many countries [ Schools
have switched to distance learning and businesses that are able are working
operating with their employees telecommuting [3]. Certain cities and
countries worldwide have been placed under quarantine to stop the spread of
the Covid Covid-19 [6].
Fig.
4. CovidCovid-19 virus magnified CDC
Covid -19
, Civil Engineering, Hostos Community College CUNY
Acknowledgments
I extend my thanks the medical professionals who have been serving
the public during this pandemic. I also thank the Engineering
Department and Prof. Grindley for support and guidance.
Covid -19 Symptoms
Covid
Covid-19 has a wide range of symptoms including minor, severe, and
critical [4].
According
Accordingto Ref. 4 m inor symptoms include:
• Cough;
• Shortness of breath;
• Fever;
• Chills;
• Muscle pain;
• Sore throat; and
• Loss of taste or smell.
According
Accordingto Ref. 4 severe symptoms include:
• Trouble breathing;
• Persistent pain or pressure in chest;
• New confusion;
• Inability to wake or stay awake; and
• Bluish lips or face.
The minor symptoms should be treated at home, while the more severe
symptoms require hospitalization and medical attention [4].
According
Accordingto Ref. 4critical symptoms include :
• Pneumonia;
• Organ failure;
• Respiratory failure; and
• DeatDeath
Introduction
Covid
Covid-19 is a human infected disease caused by coronavirus [2].
CovidCovid-19 originated in Wuhan, China in early December and has
spread worldwide [1, 2, 6]. The coronavirus is a single stranded RNA
virus [2]. There are four types of coronaviruses named α-CoV, β β-CoV,
δ-CoV and γ-CoV [ 2].The R0 (pronounced r nought) factor for Covid Covid-19 is between 4.7 and 6.6 [6]. Originating from bats, Covid Covid-19 is highly contagious in humans [1, 2, 6]. The World Health Organization
(WHO) declared Covid Covid-19 a public health emergency and a global
pandemic [1, 3].
Quarantines have been enacted by many countries to mitigate the
effects of Covid Covid-19 [1, 3, 5]. Ref. 6argue that quarantine alone may not
be effective and that more drastic measures should be taken [6]. There
have been unprecedented closures of schools, businesses, and
government due to Covid Covid-19 [1, 3].
Because
Becauseno cure yet exists, it is very difficult difficultto manage extreme casescasesof CovidCovid-19 [ 1,2, 4, 5]. Hospitals and other medical professionals are
focused on treating the symptoms of Covid Covid-19 [2, 3]. There has beenbeenashortage of medical supplies as the civilian populations have been
buying up available stockpiles [1].
References
[1] H. Brussow, “The Novel Coronavirus
– A Snapshot of Current
Knowledge,” Microbial Biotechnology , vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 607 607-612, 2020.
[2] X. Huang
et al , “Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Covid Covid-19,” Archives of Iranian Medicine Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 268 -271, Apr.
2020.
[3] J. A. Rollins, “The Coronavirus: Exposing Our Nation’s
Vulnerabilities,” Paediatrics Nursing , vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 57 57-59, Mar./Apr. 2020.
[4] CDC [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019
2019-ncov/symptoms symptoms-testing/symptoms.html.
[5] G. Davit, M. Ekaterine, and B. Mikheil, “Research on COVID
COVID-19 Virus Spreading Statistics based on the Examples of the Cases from
Different Countries,” Electronic Journal of General Medicine , vol. 17,
no. 4, pp. 1 -4, 2020.
[6] A. Cleo, R. Lucia, T. Athansios, and S. Constantinos, “Data
– based
ama;usos, modeling and forecasting of the COVID COVID-19 outbreak,”
PLOS ONE ONE, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1 -21, Mar. 2020.
Contact Information
Origins
Covid
Covid-19 began as an outbreak of unexplained pneumonia cases in
Wuhan, China [2]. Wuhan is in the Hubei Province [2]. Covid Covid-19 is
widely believed to have originated from bats [1,2]. Covid Covid-19 was
isolated, identified, and sequenced in one month by 3 groups of
Chinese scientists [1]. This sequencing concluded that Covid Covid-19 is
96% similar to bat coronavirus [1, 2].The city of Wuhan has a
population of 11 million [1]. The virus is believed to have spread
though the animals sold from a South China seafood market [2].
The rapid spreadspreadof CovidCovid-19 can be partly attributed to the high travel
in China surrounding the Lunar New Year [6]. The R0 factor is a
mathematical term that indicates how contagious a disease is [6]. Early
stages of Covid Covid-19 indicated an R0 between 2.2 2.2-2.7 [6]. Later testing
showed the R R0to be between 4.7 and 6.6 [6]. A city city-wide quarantine
began in Wuhan on 24 January [1].
Fig. 1. Map of Chinese Provinces
Covid -19 in thetheUS A
Unprecedented laws and orders have been passed to combat the spread
of Covid -19 in the USA [3]. The US has surpassed all other countries in
number of cases and death [3,4]. This is the first time in the history of
the USA that all universities, businesses, and government functions
have been shut down [3].
Because
Becauseof the declinedeclineof the nuclear family in the US, childcare has
become difficult for parents to find [3]. Remote learning not only
keeps children from developing social skills, it also prevents them from
learning as much as they do in a physical classroom [3]. This pandemic
has filled hospitals and overwhelmedoverwhelmedthe medical community [ 3].
There has beenbeenashortageshortageof protective and medical equipment such as
N-95 masks, protective gowns, and ventilators [1, 3]. Because there is
still no cure for Covid Covid-19, social distancing is recommended by health
officials until further notice [2, 3].
Fig.
2. NumberNumberof CovidCovid-19 in USA by date reported CDC.gov/coronavirus
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
China
Diamond Princess
Bahrain
South Korea
Faeroe Islands
Iran
Percentage recovered
Country/Group
Covid
Covid-19 Recovery
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Number of Cases
Date Reported
Covid
Covid-19 Cases in USA
Conclusion (cont.)
Fig. 5. A magnification of the Covid
Covid-19 coronavirus
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