Ramsay 1
Amber Ramsay
Ariel Dingus
ENG 102
Racism
Abstract
The deep entrenched Problem of racism is an elusive historical pervasive fact that has long
dominated American society. The new modern lens view of institutionalized racism includes
involuntary slavery, constitutional support for the upper class, denial of constitutional rights,
and other absurd exploitations such as the physical, economic, social, and political oppression
of black colour persons. The minority black Americans are always on the receiving end in the
large context to understand racism context. The use of the term minority is synonymous with
the black coloured person. It denotes the issues that this population face in the modern America
Nation. The term excludes other issues relating to other genders, such as the issues affecting the
famine gender. In this paper, various issues will be discussed: causation of deeply entrenched
racism, the fight for equitable treatment by the minority Africans, the issues of the famous civil
war and the modern facets of racism in American society.
Introduction
Racial prejudices are the building blocks of racial discrimination’s context of racism affects
many social issues with the rules being applied differently in certain social groups. The
institution of racism does not purpose to occur but occurs naturally from internalized prejudices
deeply entrenched amongst different societal members. The impact of institutionalized racism
in American society has had such an impact. Racial stratification greatly impacts various
political representation, economic inequality and social disparities.
The effect of the institution of racism has been felt throughout our history. African
American have faced many challenges since the 19th -slavery period and the civil rights era
period. Even though white privileges dominance has faded in modern America, they still
prevail in the contextual American society. The failure of the reconstruction efforts meant to
reframe and restructure the American society implies that the deeply entrenched racism will not
end as soon as we may anticipate.
Discussion
The Historical Context of Racism
Racism has long existed in American society, and its history dates to the historical context
of slavery. Twelve million-plus people were kidnapped and exported to the new American
Nation between the years 1525 and 1866. These persons were sold as slaves to provide free
slave labour in the massive plantations. The horrors of slavery greatly impacted the rise of
racism as African Americans wet therefore ill-treated because of their colour. Slavery’s impact
on American society was great, even though many history authors have concealed multifaceted
dimensions of slavery institutions (Solly, 2020). The authors focus on the successor stories of
black American such as Fredrick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.
Racism and the American Constitution
The American constitution was initially pro-slavery, thus continued encouraging the
prevalence of the institution of racism. Even though in the declaration of independence, the
American Constitution state that All Men are created equal, it did not leave to its expectations;
various enactments in the constitution continued fueling racism as they supported harsh
treatments for the black Americans (Solly, 2020). For instance, the enactment of the fugitive acts
passed by congress in 1793 and 1850 supported the institution of slavery (The Editors of
Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d.). The laws stipulated the return of fugitive slaves to the original
owners. The historical contribution of the southern black codes and the Jim Cow to the
institutionalized racism cannot be underestimated.
Racism and the American Civil War (Reconstruction Era to The Civil Rights Era)
The new America Nation was grappling with institutionalized racism due to slavery
activities in the dominant southern plantations. The north and the south were divided into the
pro-slavery and the abolitionists. Abraham Lincoln, the then American tactical president,
publicly blamed the blacks as’ the causation’ of the great American Civil. This, therefore,
implied that were the African Americans granted equal rights as their counterpart white
majority, such occurrences would never. After the war, Abraham Lincoln was set to restructure
and reconstruct the American Nation; however, he died in the assassination plot.
Southern Black Codes
Abraham had earlier, before his death, emancipated all black slaves. The south, however
continuing defying the reconstruction path and passed series of black codes. Racial profiling
saw the south states pass acts to ensure various limits for the minority black persons. The codes
served to ensure that the states retained their black workforce (Robinson, 2017, p. 554).
Noncompliance to these stringent laws would amount to penalties such as arrests, fines or even
unpaid labour.
Jim Crows Laws
Jim Crow laws came amid protest from the Northern Americans. The laws were repressively
meant to restrict the blacks workforce. The laws also touched every aspect of black lives; for
instance, in 1930, Alabama and Birmingham passed legislations stipulating blacks could not
play chess together. These stringent laws remained in force till 1964.
The Civil Rights Era
The civil rights era was a long conventional unarmed fight that dates its origins since
Reconstruction efforts failed. Civil right movements activities sought to liberate Africa
Americans from all forms of racial discrimination. The movement activities employed various
strategies such as collaboration with like-minded White Americans, Civil disobedience and
mass peace protests (History.com Editors, 2021). The leaders of this movement encouraged nonviolent
peace protests in the fight for civil liberties for black Americans. Eventually, the
campaigns secured federal security; hence, enactments were passed to protect all Americans’
rights despite racial affiliations. The Civil Right Act of 1964 prohibits all forms of
discrimination.
Racism as a Component Structural of Every Modern Society
The institution of racism does not exist only in American society. Its structural;
contributions to all modern facets of many modern countries is great. The manifestation of
modern racism is reflected in modern practices, discourses and even institutionalized realities
such as the education, legal and economic systems. The representation of the racism context is
deeply embedded in the inferiority superiority complexes amongst different society members.
For instance, European persons have long constructed themselves as superior being by a virtual
representation of the white colour. The black persons have, on the other being deemed as
inferior persons who are lesser beings; hence they can be treated in all multifaceted ways.
The Effects of Racism
The institutionalized racism today has devastating multifaceted impacts. Amongst the
notable effects of racism are the following;
Health
Racism is a key contributor to the onset of many diseases. First, the prevalence of stressors
disorders amongst the racially affected individuals is to blame for the ever-increasing numbers
of mentally ill persons amongst these populations. Stress disorders can trigger depression,
emotional anxiety, trauma disorders and suicidal thought, amongst other disorders (Lewsley,
2020). Racism has had a signature in the current pandemic as statistical data. Racial
discrimination’s impact on the blacks’ economic status has greatly affected the procurement
procedures for the corona vaccine. One needs to secure appointments for the vaccine using the
internet. Such requirements for accesses make it difficult for the black community to get
vaccines.
Economic Inequalities
Systemic racism is to blame for the prevalence of the racial based gap in economics. These
economic disparities manifest in many different economic indicators. These disparities reflect
the white privileges that made it difficult for persons of colour to achieve economic security
before the Civil Rights era (Systematic Inequality, 2018). The economic equalities are a result of
widespread racial segregation in education in the period prior to the civil rights era.
Education Disparities
Systemic racism is to be blamed for the education disparities in today society. Economic
disparities greatly influence the living conditions of Africa Americans. White Americans
receive competitive education than their counterpart back Americas. Blacks continue to lag in
education for decades. Statistical evidence from National Center for Education tactics indicates
87 per cent of the white affiliated students are likely to graduate while 73 per cent of black
students are likely to graduate after enrollment(American Psychological Association 2016). This
points out disparities in the education system.
Racism and Criminal Justice System
Police Brutality
Black community neighbourhood has adversely been affected by routine policing by the
police state departments. There is a perception that Blacks are likely to commit crime than
white Americans (Legewie, 2016, p. 401). Perceived prejudice amongst police officers has led to
brutal targeted violence towards the black. Systemic racism is to be blamed for killing several
black lives; racist perception has greatly shaped the criminal justice systems.
Mass Incarceration Amongst the Black Community
Racial stratification is prevalent in all stages of the criminal justice system, with statical
evidence indicating that blacks and Latinos account for close to seventy per cent of the prison
population in America (Mass Incarceration and Racism Policy – NACCHO, 2016). Former USA
president Barack Obama publicly admitted that the national criminal justice system does not
equally treat Americans, noting that law enforcers have biases; thus Blacks and Latinos are
posed to serve in indiscriminate prison terms.
The numerous challenges posed by racism have led to the rise of movement such as the
Black Lives Matter that advocates respect for blacks’ lives. Black Lives Matter advocates for a
fair criminal justice system and seeks protection of Blacks’ lives by fighting police brutality.
For instance, the movement has had a huge impact in advocacy for the rights of the black last
year (Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com), 2021). The killing of George Floyd by the Minneapolis
State Police Department attracted global attention as it drew mass protests. The movement
advocates civil disobedience and non-violent mass demonstrations.
Conclusion
The American Nation’s founding leaders advocated for a racially just society; however, this
has not been achieved. There has been a long-spirited struggle by persons of colour right from
the reconstruction era to the civil rights era and even today. The fact that racism poses an
inherent and imminent threat to the nation’s unity cannot be understated as history has proved
the threat can lead to disunity. Recall the secession by the southern states; racism played a huge
role as the white southerners sought to protect the institution of slavery for their economic
purposes. Racism thus can cause adverse impacts to our nations. The recent presidential
elections served as a reminder of the unity purpose for the nation. Thumbs up for the American
electorates who voted in favour of Joe Biden, who represents the true spirit of declaration of
independence- that all men are qual. Donald Trump view of white supremacy and his racist
attitudes are bad for the nation.
Work Cited Page
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Fugitive Slave Acts | Definition & History.
Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Fugitive-Slave-Act
Legewie, J. (2016). Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events
Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination. American Journal of Sociology, 122(2), 379–
424. https://doi.org/10.1086/687518
History.com Editors. (2021, January 29). Civil Rights Movement. HISTORY.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement
Mass Incarceration and Racism Policy – NACCHO. (2016). Devmode.
https://www.naccho.org/blog/articles/mass-incarceration-and-racism-policy
Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). (2021). How George Floyd reignited a global movement.
DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/en/how-george-floyds-death-reignited-a-worldwidemovement/
a-56781938
American Psychological Association. “Inequality at School -.” APA Org, 2016,
www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/cover-inequality-school.
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